Which medication can be derived from the bark of the pictured tree?
- Aspirin
- Atropine
- Colchicine
- Quinine
Contents
Reveal the Answer
1. Aspirin
Qualifications
The photograph demonstrates a weeping willow, a member of the Salix genus of trees. Willow tree bark incorporates salicin from which aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) can be derived.
For in excess of 3500 years, willow bark has been applied as a classic medication to take care of fevers and discomfort [1]. The active compound, salicin, is metabolized to salicylic acid in the human body providing analgesic and antipyretic outcomes [2]. In 1897, Dr. Felix Hoffman modified salicylic acid and made acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin), now the most-used drug in the earth because of to its function in avoiding cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease [1].
How can people today turn into poisoned with willow bark?
- Willow tree bark extract has been utilized as an natural health supplement for persistent reduce back again agony, joint ache, osteoarthritis, sports activities performance, and fat decline [3].
- Willow tree bark supplements are obtainable as tablets, tinctures, powders, or tea.
- Circumstances of toxicity have been reported adhering to ingestion of dietary supplements as effectively as ingestion of willow bark tea [4,5].
- On the other hand, most adverse reactions from willow bark dietary supplements have been affiliated with men and women who have aspirin allergic reactions, with a lot of instances of anaphylaxis [6].
How does willow bark toxicity current? [7]
- Toxicity from salicin mirrors toxicity from aspirin (salicylism) in its scientific presentation.
- One particular analyze exhibits that ingestion of 240 mg of salicin in willow bark tablets made salicylate degrees equal to 87 mg of acetylsalicylic acid, consequently serum salicylate amounts will be detectable following ingestion [8].
- Salicylate has a immediate outcome on the respiratory heart of the medulla causing tachypnea.
- Tinnitus, nausea, vomiting, and belly pain are frequent.
- With intense toxicity, individuals can have altered psychological status, seizures, hyperthermia, and pulmonary edema.
- Further more information and facts on the diagnosis and treatment of salicylate toxicity
Bedside Pearls
- Willow tree bark (Salix genus) is made up of salicin, which is metabolized in the entire body to salicylic acid.
- Ingestion of willow bark supplements can induce salicylism.
- Sufferers who have an aspirin allergy should stay away from willow tree bark nutritional supplements, extracts, or teas.
The American School of Healthcare Toxicology hosts this Toxicology Visual Pearls series. The put up was peer-reviewed on behalf of ACMT by Drs. Rob Hendrickson, Louise Kao, and Kristine Naňagas.
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References
- Desborough MJR, Keeling DM. The Aspirin Tale – from Willow to Question Drug. British Journal of Haematology. 2017177(5):674-683. PMID: 28106908.
- Schmid B, Kötter I, Heide L. Pharmacokinetics of salicin soon after oral administration of a standardised willow bark extract. European Journal of Medical Pharmacology. 200157(5):387-391. PMID: 11599656.
- Shara M, Stohs SJ. Efficacy and Protection of White Willow Bark (Salix alba) Extracts. Phytotherapy Exploration. 201529(8):1112-1116. PMID: 25997859.
- Srivali N, Cheungpasitporn W, Chongnarungsin D, Edmonds LC. White willow bark induced acute respiratory distress syndrome. N Am J Med Sci. 2013 May well5(5):330. PMID: 23814765.
- Kuzak N, Brubacher JR, Kennedy JR. Reversal of salicylate-induced euglycemic delirium with dextrose. Scientific Toxicology. 200745(5):526-529. PMID: 17503260.
- Oketch-Rabah HA, Marles RJ, Jordan SA, Small Pet T. United States Pharmacopeia Basic safety Evaluate of Willow Bark. Planta Medica. 201985(16):1192-1202. PMID: 31604354.
- Palmer BF, Clegg DJ. Salicylate Toxicity. New England Journal of Medication. 2020382(26):2544-2555. PMID: 32579814.
- Schmid B, Kötter I, Heide L. Pharmacokinetics of salicin after oral administration of a standardised willow bark extract. European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 200157(5):387-391. PMID: 11599656.
Writer information and facts
Ivan Ivanov, DO
Resident Doctor
Unexpected emergency Drugs
South Brooklyn Health
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